DOI: 10.31082/1728-452X-2019-203-5-2-7
УДК 616.329/33-006.6:314.4(574)
ASSESSMENT OF INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY FROM MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN KAZAKHSTAN
NS IGISSINOV^1,2,3,4, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-6315,
SK KOZHAKHMETOV^1,3, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-0376,
RS TASZHANOV^1,3, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4406-413X,
GS IGISSINOVA^5,3, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6881-2257,
DR TUREBAYEV¹, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-3496,
ZA BILYALOVA³, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-235X,
DB KERIMKULOV^1,3, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-3415,
AS MUKAZHANOVA^1,3, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5198-106X
¹Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan с., Republic of Kazakhstan,
²International School of Medicine, Bishkek с., Republic of Kyrgyzstan,
³Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan с., Republic of Kazakhstan,
⁴Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek с., Republic of Kyrgyzstan,
⁵Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty с., Republic of Kazakhstan

The International Agency for Research on Cancer reports about 1.6 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths from malignant neoplasm of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the world every year. This cancer demonstrates a global downward trend in incidence and mortality.
Objective. To estimate the features of incidence and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the esophagus and stomach in Kazakhstan.
Material and Methods. The study included a retrospective analysis of consolidated data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan on patients with primary registered esophageal cancer (ICD-C15) and stomach cancer (ICD-C16) and the data of the Committee for Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan on deaths from these cancers. Descriptive and analytical methods of cancer epidemiology and medical statistics were used.
Results and Discussion. 12,946 new cases of esophageal cancer and 27,467 new cases of stomach cancer were registered during the study period, with 9,326 и 19,672 deaths, respectively. Standardized rates (world standard) of esophageal cancer incidence and mortality have amounted to 8.30/0000 (95% CI=7.7-8.80/0000) and 6.4 (95% CI=5.4-7.40/0000), respectively. The similar rates for stomach cancer were 17.20/0000 (95% CI=16.5-17.90/0000) and 13.20/0000 (95% CI=11.7-14.80/0000). At that, the standardized incidence and mortality rates showed a downward trend both in esophageal cancer (Т=−3.2% and Т=−3.4%, respectively) and stomach cancer Т=−1.8% and Т=−5.8%, respectively) The age-related incidence and mortality rates for these cancers were growing unimodally, with a peak in the age group of 70 years and above. The age-related incidence and mortality rates for these cancers had a tendency to decrease in almost all groups, except for esophageal cancer: an increase in the incidence in persons under 30 years (T=+4.1%) and in mortality at 30-39 years (T=+2.6%).

Keywords: esophagus cancer, stomach cancer, incidence, mortality, trends, Kazakhstan.

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